Europe ETF Channel

Europe ETF Overview

Europe ETFs invest in the equity of companies from all of Europe.

With 114 ETFs traded in the U.S. markets, Europe ETFs gather total assets under management of $64.79B. The average expense ratio is 0.62%. Europe ETFs can be found in the following asset classes:

Equity
Currency
Alternatives

The largest Europe ETF is the Vanguard FTSE Europe ETF VGK with $16.24B in assets. In the last trailing year, the best performing Europe ETF was the NORW at 15.42%. The most-recent ETF launched in the Europe space was the JPMorgan BetaBuilders Europe ETF BBEU in 06/15/18.

TOP ETF PERFORMERS

TICKER	FUND NAME	% CHANGE*
RUSS	Direxion Daily Russia Bear 3x Shares	28.21%
DGBP	VelocityShares Daily 4x Long USD vs GBP ETN	11.50%
EVIX	VelocityShares 1X Long VSTOXX Futures ETN	11.26%
DEUR	VelocityShares Daily 4x Long USD vs EUR ETN	7.93%
DRR	Market Vectors Double Short Euro ETN	6.11%

BOTTOM ETF PERFORMERS

TICKER	FUND NAME	% CHANGE*
RUSL	Direxion Daily Russia Bull 3x Shares	-26.46%
TUR	iShares MSCI Turkey ETF	-22.73%
EUXL	Direxion Daily EURO STOXX 50 Bull 3X Shares	-15.49%
EXIV	VelocityShares 1X Daily Inverse VSTOXX Futures ETN	-12.50%
RSXJ	VanEck Vectors Russia Small-Cap ETF	-11.11%

top creations

TICKER	FUND NAME	NET FLOWS*
BBEU	JPMorgan BetaBuilders Europe ETF	389.79
EWP	iShares MSCI Spain ETF	238.80
EUFN	iShares MSCI Europe Financials ETF	221.41
RSX	VanEck Vectors Russia ETF	113.81
EWL	iShares MSCI Switzerland ETF	62.59

top redemptions

TICKER	FUND NAME	NET FLOWS*
EZU	iShares MSCI Eurozone ETF	-351.16
FEZ	SPDR Euro STOXX 50 ETF	-196.53
HEDJ	WisdomTree Europe Hedged Equity Fund	-183.30
EWG	iShares MSCI Germany ETF	-145.51
VGK	Vanguard FTSE Europe ETF	-74.71

AUM WINNERS

TICKER	FUND NAME	% CHANGE*
BBEU	JPMorgan BetaBuilders Europe ETF	227.25%
EWUS	iShares MSCI United Kingdom Small Cap ETF	156.40%
EUFL	Direxion Daily MSCI European Financials Bull 2X Shares	53.51%
TUR	iShares MSCI Turkey ETF	49.53%
HEWU	iShares Currency Hedged MSCI United Kingdom ETF	27.83%

AUM LOSERS

TICKER	FUND NAME	% CHANGE*
FLIY	Franklin FTSE Italy ETF	-77.07%
EXIV	VelocityShares 1X Daily Inverse VSTOXX Futures ETN	-36.33%
EWO	iShares MSCI Austria ETF	-28.52%
EWN	iShares MSCI Netherlands ETF	-26.03%
SMEZ	SPDR EURO STOXX Small Cap ETF	-25.74%

ETF Results:

114 ETFs

As of 08/20/2018

Display:

100

Page of 6

Ticker	Fund Name	Issuer	Expense Ratio	AUM	Spread %	Segment
VGK	Vanguard FTSE Europe ETF	Vanguard	0.10%	$16.32B	0.02%	Equity: Developed Europe - Total Market
EZU	iShares MSCI Eurozone ETF	BlackRock	0.49%	$9.44B	0.02%	Equity: Developed Europe - Total Market
HEDJ	WisdomTree Europe Hedged Equity Fund	WisdomTree	0.58%	$5.31B	0.02%	Equity: Developed Europe - Total Market
EWG	iShares MSCI Germany ETF	BlackRock	0.49%	$3.28B	0.03%	Equity: Germany - Total Market
FEZ	SPDR Euro STOXX 50 ETF	State Street Global Advisors	0.29%	$3.09B	0.03%	Equity: Developed Europe - Large Cap
IEUR	iShares Core MSCI Europe ETF	BlackRock	0.10%	$2.43B	0.03%	Equity: Developed Europe - Total Market
IEV	iShares Europe ETF	BlackRock	0.60%	$2.37B	0.02%	Equity: Developed Europe - Large Cap
EWU	iShares MSCI United Kingdom ETF	BlackRock	0.49%	$1.98B	0.03%	Equity: U.K. - Total Market
HEZU	iShares Currency Hedged MSCI Eurozone ETF	BlackRock	0.52%	$1.65B	0.03%	Equity: Developed Europe - Total Market
EUFN	iShares MSCI Europe Financials ETF	BlackRock	0.48%	$1.61B	0.05%	Equity: Developed Europe Financials
RSX	VanEck Vectors Russia ETF	VanEck	0.67%	$1.57B	0.05%	Equity: Russia - Total Market
DBEU	Xtrackers MSCI Europe Hedged Equity ETF	Deutsche Bank	0.45%	$1.43B	0.04%	Equity: Developed Europe - Total Market
EWP	iShares MSCI Spain ETF	BlackRock	0.49%	$1.10B	0.03%	Equity: Spain - Total Market
BBEU	JPMorgan BetaBuilders Europe ETF	JPMorgan	0.09%	$1.06B	0.12%	Equity: Developed Europe - Total Market
EWL	iShares MSCI Switzerland ETF	BlackRock	0.49%	$1.03B	0.03%	Equity: Switzerland - Total Market
DFE	WisdomTree Europe SmallCap Dividend Fund	WisdomTree	0.58%	$950.70M	0.07%	Equity: Developed Europe - Small Cap
EWQ	iShares MSCI France ETF	BlackRock	0.49%	$910.85M	0.03%	Equity: France - Total Market
FEP	First Trust Europe AlphaDEX Fund	First Trust	0.80%	$863.73M	0.12%	Equity: Developed Europe - Total Market
FFEU	Barclays ETN+ FI Enhanced Europe 50 ETN Series C	Barclays Bank PLC	1.05%	$680.44M	2.14%	Leveraged Equity: Developed Europe - Large Cap
FIEE	UBS AG FI Enhanced Europe 50 ETN	UBS	1.95%	$525.29M	1.11%	Leveraged Equity: Developed Europe - Large Cap

Ticker	Fund Name	1 Month	3 Month	1 Year	5 Year	10 Year	As Of
VGK	Vanguard FTSE Europe ETF	-2.72%	-5.05%	2.99%	4.56%	3.61%	08/20/2018
EZU	iShares MSCI Eurozone ETF	-3.61%	-6.19%	0.60%	4.92%	1.96%	08/20/2018
HEDJ	WisdomTree Europe Hedged Equity Fund	-1.42%	-2.25%	6.39%	9.28%	--	08/20/2018
EWG	iShares MSCI Germany ETF	-3.48%	-7.49%	-0.48%	4.37%	3.29%	08/20/2018
FEZ	SPDR Euro STOXX 50 ETF	-3.86%	-6.69%	-1.16%	3.69%	1.15%	08/20/2018
IEUR	iShares Core MSCI Europe ETF	-2.37%	-4.85%	3.39%	--	--	08/20/2018
IEV	iShares Europe ETF	-2.67%	-5.00%	2.19%	3.80%	3.03%	08/20/2018
EWU	iShares MSCI United Kingdom ETF	-2.99%	-6.46%	6.07%	2.05%	2.85%	08/20/2018
HEZU	iShares Currency Hedged MSCI Eurozone ETF	-1.37%	-3.07%	5.53%	--	--	08/20/2018
EUFN	iShares MSCI Europe Financials ETF	-3.23%	-10.28%	-8.64%	1.31%	--	08/20/2018
RSX	VanEck Vectors Russia ETF	-5.51%	-6.89%	2.37%	-2.42%	-4.56%	08/20/2018
DBEU	Xtrackers MSCI Europe Hedged Equity ETF	-0.35%	-1.39%	7.00%	--	--	08/20/2018
EWP	iShares MSCI Spain ETF	-4.93%	-8.74%	-8.83%	2.07%	-0.20%	08/20/2018
BBEU	JPMorgan BetaBuilders Europe ETF	-2.93%	--	--	--	--	08/20/2018
EWL	iShares MSCI Switzerland ETF	0.74%	2.03%	3.44%	4.72%	5.48%	08/20/2018
DFE	WisdomTree Europe SmallCap Dividend Fund	-3.41%	-8.04%	-0.51%	9.05%	7.79%	08/20/2018
EWQ	iShares MSCI France ETF	-2.56%	-4.84%	6.16%	5.82%	3.14%	08/20/2018
FEP	First Trust Europe AlphaDEX Fund	-2.76%	-5.77%	8.39%	7.16%	--	08/20/2018
FFEU	Barclays ETN+ FI Enhanced Europe 50 ETN Series C	-5.25%	-9.18%	--	--	--	08/20/2018
FIEE	UBS AG FI Enhanced Europe 50 ETN	-4.95%	-9.92%	0.56%	--	--	08/20/2018

Ticker	Fund Name	Issuer	Segment	Grade	E	T	F
VGK	Vanguard FTSE Europe ETF	Vanguard	Equity: Developed Europe - Total Market	A	95	88	99
EZU	iShares MSCI Eurozone ETF	BlackRock	Equity: Developed Europe - Total Market	A	92	89	81
HEDJ	WisdomTree Europe Hedged Equity Fund	WisdomTree	Equity: Developed Europe - Total Market	B	86	92	46
EWG	iShares MSCI Germany ETF	BlackRock	Equity: Germany - Total Market	A	93	89	96
FEZ	SPDR Euro STOXX 50 ETF	State Street Global Advisors	Equity: Developed Europe - Large Cap	A	97	91	80
IEUR	iShares Core MSCI Europe ETF	BlackRock	Equity: Developed Europe - Total Market	A	100	87	99
IEV	iShares Europe ETF	BlackRock	Equity: Developed Europe - Large Cap	B	87	88	96
EWU	iShares MSCI United Kingdom ETF	BlackRock	Equity: U.K. - Total Market	A	92	90	94
HEZU	iShares Currency Hedged MSCI Eurozone ETF	BlackRock	Equity: Developed Europe - Total Market	D	62	91	38
EUFN	iShares MSCI Europe Financials ETF	BlackRock	Equity: Developed Europe Financials	B	91	86	83
RSX	VanEck Vectors Russia ETF	VanEck	Equity: Russia - Total Market	D	64	67	66
DBEU	Xtrackers MSCI Europe Hedged Equity ETF	Deutsche Bank	Equity: Developed Europe - Total Market	B	88	88	59
EWP	iShares MSCI Spain ETF	BlackRock	Equity: Spain - Total Market	A	91	89	93
BBEU	JPMorgan BetaBuilders Europe ETF	JPMorgan	Equity: Developed Europe - Total Market	--	--	--	--
EWL	iShares MSCI Switzerland ETF	BlackRock	Equity: Switzerland - Total Market	B	87	90	97
DFE	WisdomTree Europe SmallCap Dividend Fund	WisdomTree	Equity: Developed Europe - Small Cap	B	86	81	74
EWQ	iShares MSCI France ETF	BlackRock	Equity: France - Total Market	A	92	90	98
FEP	First Trust Europe AlphaDEX Fund	First Trust	Equity: Developed Europe - Total Market	C	67	84	23
FFEU	Barclays ETN+ FI Enhanced Europe 50 ETN Series C	Barclays Bank PLC	Leveraged Equity: Developed Europe - Large Cap	--	--	--	--
FIEE	UBS AG FI Enhanced Europe 50 ETN	UBS	Leveraged Equity: Developed Europe - Large Cap	--	--	--	--

Ticker	Fund Name	Dividend Yield	P/E	P/B	Duration	Credit Quality	YTM
VGK	Vanguard FTSE Europe ETF	3.47%	15.88	1.80	--	--	--
EZU	iShares MSCI Eurozone ETF	3.01%	14.94	1.64	--	--	--
HEDJ	WisdomTree Europe Hedged Equity Fund	2.72%	15.86	1.94	--	--	--
EWG	iShares MSCI Germany ETF	2.79%	13.58	1.68	--	--	--
FEZ	SPDR Euro STOXX 50 ETF	3.29%	14.78	1.56	--	--	--
IEUR	iShares Core MSCI Europe ETF	3.72%	16.09	1.81	--	--	--
IEV	iShares Europe ETF	3.07%	15.20	1.78	--	--	--
EWU	iShares MSCI United Kingdom ETF	4.41%	13.69	1.79	--	--	--
HEZU	iShares Currency Hedged MSCI Eurozone ETF	3.00%	14.94	1.64	--	--	--
EUFN	iShares MSCI Europe Financials ETF	4.96%	13.38	0.94	--	--	--
RSX	VanEck Vectors Russia ETF	4.62%	8.82	1.04	--	--	--
DBEU	Xtrackers MSCI Europe Hedged Equity ETF	2.81%	15.59	1.79	--	--	--
EWP	iShares MSCI Spain ETF	3.56%	13.11	1.25	--	--	--
BBEU	JPMorgan BetaBuilders Europe ETF	--	15.44	1.77	--	--	--
EWL	iShares MSCI Switzerland ETF	2.36%	28.12	2.39	--	--	--
DFE	WisdomTree Europe SmallCap Dividend Fund	4.12%	14.83	1.67	--	--	--
EWQ	iShares MSCI France ETF	2.44%	17.13	1.67	--	--	--
FEP	First Trust Europe AlphaDEX Fund	2.11%	10.23	1.62	--	--	--
FFEU	Barclays ETN+ FI Enhanced Europe 50 ETN Series C	--	--	--	--	--	--
FIEE	UBS AG FI Enhanced Europe 50 ETN	--	--	--	--	--	--

Ticker	Fund Name
VGK	Vanguard FTSE Europe ETF
EZU	iShares MSCI Eurozone ETF
HEDJ	WisdomTree Europe Hedged Equity Fund
EWG	iShares MSCI Germany ETF
FEZ	SPDR Euro STOXX 50 ETF
IEUR	iShares Core MSCI Europe ETF
IEV	iShares Europe ETF
EWU	iShares MSCI United Kingdom ETF
HEZU	iShares Currency Hedged MSCI Eurozone ETF
EUFN	iShares MSCI Europe Financials ETF
RSX	VanEck Vectors Russia ETF
DBEU	Xtrackers MSCI Europe Hedged Equity ETF
EWP	iShares MSCI Spain ETF
BBEU	JPMorgan BetaBuilders Europe ETF
EWL	iShares MSCI Switzerland ETF
DFE	WisdomTree Europe SmallCap Dividend Fund
EWQ	iShares MSCI France ETF
FEP	First Trust Europe AlphaDEX Fund
FFEU	Barclays ETN+ FI Enhanced Europe 50 ETN Series C
FIEE	UBS AG FI Enhanced Europe 50 ETN

Fund Name	Ticker	Asset Class	Strategy	Region	Geography	Category	Focus	Niche	Inverse	Leveraged	ETN	Underlying Index	Index Provider	Selection Criteria	Weighting Scheme	Active per SEC
Vanguard FTSE Europe ETF	VGK	Equity	Vanilla	Europe	Developed Europe	Size and Style	Total Market	Broad-based	No	No	No	FTSE Developed Europe All Cap Index (Net TR US RIC)	FTSE	Market Cap	Market Cap	No
iShares MSCI Eurozone ETF	EZU	Equity	Vanilla	Europe	Developed Europe	Size and Style	Total Market	Broad-based	No	No	No	MSCI EMU Index	MSCI	Market Cap	Market Cap	No
WisdomTree Europe Hedged Equity Fund	HEDJ	Equity	Currency Hedged Fundamental	Europe	Developed Europe	Size and Style	Total Market	Broad-based	No	No	No	WisdomTree Europe Hedged Equity Index	WisdomTree	Fundamental	Dividends	No
iShares MSCI Germany ETF	EWG	Equity	Vanilla	Europe	Germany	Size and Style	Total Market	Broad-based	No	No	No	MSCI Germany Index	MSCI	Market Cap	Market Cap	No
SPDR Euro STOXX 50 ETF	FEZ	Equity	Vanilla	Europe	Developed Europe	Size and Style	Large Cap	Broad-based	No	No	No	Euro STOXX 50 Index	STOXX	Market Cap	Market Cap	No
iShares Core MSCI Europe ETF	IEUR	Equity	Vanilla	Europe	Developed Europe	Size and Style	Total Market	Broad-based	No	No	No	MSCI Europe IMI	MSCI	Market Cap	Market Cap	No
iShares Europe ETF	IEV	Equity	Vanilla	Europe	Developed Europe	Size and Style	Large Cap	Broad-based	No	No	No	S&P Europe 350 Index	S&P	Committee	Market Cap	No
iShares MSCI United Kingdom ETF	EWU	Equity	Vanilla	Europe	U.K.	Size and Style	Total Market	Broad-based	No	No	No	MSCI United Kingdom Index	MSCI	Market Cap	Market Cap	No
iShares Currency Hedged MSCI Eurozone ETF	HEZU	Equity	Currency Hedged Vanilla	Europe	Developed Europe	Size and Style	Total Market	Broad-based	No	No	No	MSCI EMU 100% Hedged to USD Index	MSCI	Market Cap	Market Cap	No
iShares MSCI Europe Financials ETF	EUFN	Equity	Vanilla	Europe	Developed Europe	Sector	Financials	Broad-based	No	No	No	MSCI Europe Financials Index	MSCI	Market Cap	Market Cap	No
VanEck Vectors Russia ETF	RSX	Equity	Vanilla	Europe	Russia	Size and Style	Total Market	Broad-based	No	No	No	MVIS Russia Index	ISE	Market Cap	Market Cap	No
Xtrackers MSCI Europe Hedged Equity ETF	DBEU	Equity	Currency Hedged Vanilla	Europe	Developed Europe	Size and Style	Total Market	Broad-based	No	No	No	MSCI Europe US Dollar Hedged Index	MSCI	Market Cap	Market Cap	No
iShares MSCI Spain ETF	EWP	Equity	Vanilla	Europe	Spain	Size and Style	Total Market	Broad-based	No	No	No	MSCI Spain 25/50 Index	MSCI	Market Cap	Market Cap	No
JPMorgan BetaBuilders Europe ETF	BBEU	Equity	Vanilla	Europe	Developed Europe	Size and Style	Total Market	Broad-based	No	No	No	Morningstar Developed Europe Target Market Exposure Index	No Underlying Index	Market Cap	Market Cap	No
iShares MSCI Switzerland ETF	EWL	Equity	Vanilla	Europe	Switzerland	Size and Style	Total Market	Broad-based	No	No	No	MSCI Switzerland 25/50 Index	MSCI	Market Cap	Market Cap	No
WisdomTree Europe SmallCap Dividend Fund	DFE	Equity	Dividends	Europe	Developed Europe	Size and Style	Small Cap	Broad-based	No	No	No	WisdomTree Europe SmallCap Dividend Index	WisdomTree	Dividends	Dividends	No
iShares MSCI France ETF	EWQ	Equity	Vanilla	Europe	France	Size and Style	Total Market	Broad-based	No	No	No	MSCI France Index	MSCI	Market Cap	Market Cap	No
First Trust Europe AlphaDEX Fund	FEP	Equity	Multi-factor	Europe	Developed Europe	Size and Style	Total Market	Broad-based	No	No	No	NASDAQ AlphaDEX Europe Index	NASDAQ	Multi-Factor	Tiered	No
Barclays ETN+ FI Enhanced Europe 50 ETN Series C	FFEU	Equity	Vanilla	Europe	Developed Europe	Size and Style	Large Cap	Broad-based	No	Yes	Yes	STOXX Europe 50 Index	STOXX	Market Cap	Market Cap	No
UBS AG FI Enhanced Europe 50 ETN	FIEE	Equity	Vanilla	Europe	Developed Europe	Size and Style	Large Cap	Broad-based	No	Yes	Yes	STOXX Europe 50 Index	STOXX	Market Cap	Market Cap	No

Ticker	Fund Name	Legal Structure	MAX LT Capital Gains Rate	Max ST Capital Gains Rate	Tax Reporting
VGK	Vanguard FTSE Europe ETF	Open-Ended Fund	20.00	39.60	1099
EZU	iShares MSCI Eurozone ETF	Open-Ended Fund	20.00	39.60	1099
HEDJ	WisdomTree Europe Hedged Equity Fund	Open-Ended Fund	20.00	39.60	1099
EWG	iShares MSCI Germany ETF	Open-Ended Fund	20.00	39.60	1099
FEZ	SPDR Euro STOXX 50 ETF	Open-Ended Fund	20.00	39.60	1099
IEUR	iShares Core MSCI Europe ETF	Open-Ended Fund	20.00	39.60	1099
IEV	iShares Europe ETF	Open-Ended Fund	20.00	39.60	1099
EWU	iShares MSCI United Kingdom ETF	Open-Ended Fund	20.00	39.60	1099
HEZU	iShares Currency Hedged MSCI Eurozone ETF	Open-Ended Fund	20.00	39.60	1099
EUFN	iShares MSCI Europe Financials ETF	Open-Ended Fund	20.00	39.60	1099
RSX	VanEck Vectors Russia ETF	Open-Ended Fund	20.00	39.60	1099
DBEU	Xtrackers MSCI Europe Hedged Equity ETF	Open-Ended Fund	20.00	39.60	1099
EWP	iShares MSCI Spain ETF	Open-Ended Fund	20.00	39.60	1099
BBEU	JPMorgan BetaBuilders Europe ETF	Open-Ended Fund	20.00	39.60	1099
EWL	iShares MSCI Switzerland ETF	Open-Ended Fund	20.00	39.60	1099
DFE	WisdomTree Europe SmallCap Dividend Fund	Open-Ended Fund	20.00	39.60	1099
EWQ	iShares MSCI France ETF	Open-Ended Fund	20.00	39.60	1099
FEP	First Trust Europe AlphaDEX Fund	Open-Ended Fund	20.00	39.60	1099
FFEU	Barclays ETN+ FI Enhanced Europe 50 ETN Series C	Exchange-Traded Note	20.00	39.60	1099
FIEE	UBS AG FI Enhanced Europe 50 ETN	Exchange-Traded Note	20.00	39.60	1099

Ticker	Fund Name	MSCI ESG Quality Score	ESG Score Peer Rank	ESG Score Global Rank	Carbon Intensity Tons CO2e/$M Sales	Sustainable Impact Exposure	SRI Screening Criteria Exposure
VGK	Vanguard FTSE Europe ETF	6.81 / 10	39.06	89.06	161.68	5.75%	12.49%
EZU	iShares MSCI Eurozone ETF	7.18 / 10	78.71	95.63	188.04	6.22%	17.25%
HEDJ	WisdomTree Europe Hedged Equity Fund	7.10 / 10	72.28	94.56	133.18	5.31%	21.75%
EWG	iShares MSCI Germany ETF	6.99 / 10	61.75	93.17	189.54	8.70%	18.65%
FEZ	SPDR Euro STOXX 50 ETF	7.47 / 10	91.23	98.15	139.19	4.85%	21.88%
IEUR	iShares Core MSCI Europe ETF	6.80 / 10	38.36	88.91	160.18	5.88%	13.05%
IEV	iShares Europe ETF	6.98 / 10	60.35	92.93	162.17	5.95%	14.68%
EWU	iShares MSCI United Kingdom ETF	6.29 / 10	12.51	77.38	122.99	3.18%	17.17%
HEZU	iShares Currency Hedged MSCI Eurozone ETF	--	--	--	--	--	--
EUFN	iShares MSCI Europe Financials ETF	6.59 / 10	81.58	85.13	6.45	1.16%	--
RSX	VanEck Vectors Russia ETF	3.04 / 10	0.36	1.05	984.73	0.80%	--
DBEU	Xtrackers MSCI Europe Hedged Equity ETF	6.92 / 10	51.93	91.98	160.88	5.71%	13.81%
EWP	iShares MSCI Spain ETF	7.34 / 10	86.67	97.23	214.92	5.97%	14.39%
BBEU	JPMorgan BetaBuilders Europe ETF	--	--	--	--	--	--
EWL	iShares MSCI Switzerland ETF	6.83 / 10	40.58	89.39	162.21	2.76%	4.14%
DFE	WisdomTree Europe SmallCap Dividend Fund	5.79 / 10	15.14	60.33	172.15	4.03%	5.18%
EWQ	iShares MSCI France ETF	7.25 / 10	83.63	96.52	164.66	6.26%	18.62%
FEP	First Trust Europe AlphaDEX Fund	6.63 / 10	25.15	85.82	288.54	8.36%	8.57%
FFEU	Barclays ETN+ FI Enhanced Europe 50 ETN Series C	--	--	--	--	--	--
FIEE	UBS AG FI Enhanced Europe 50 ETN	--	--	--	--	--	--