What Is an Emerging Markets ETF? The Complete Guide

Learn the potential benefits and risks of investing in developing countries.

Investing in emerging markets ETFs offers investors the potential for significant returns, as these economies often experience rapid growth and development. However, this opportunity also comes with increased risk due to the inherent volatility and uncertainties associated with emerging markets, such as China, India, Brazil, and South Africa.  

This article will delve into the benefits and risks of investing in emerging economies, helping investors make informed decisions about whether they are a suitable addition to their portfolio. 

Emerging Markets ETF Definition

An emerging markets ETF is an exchange-traded fund that provides investors with exposure to the stock or bond markets of developing countries, commonly referred to as "emerging markets." These countries are typically in the process of rapid economic growth and industrialization but have not yet reached the level of development of more advanced economies. 

Key Features of Emerging Markets ETFs

• Geographic focus: Emerging markets ETFs invest in countries like China, India, Brazil, South Africa, Mexico, and other nations in Asia, Latin America, Eastern Europe, and Africa. These regions are known for their potential high economic growth compared to developed markets. 
• Diversification: These ETFs hold a diversified basket of stocks or bonds from different sectors within emerging markets. This allows investors to gain broad exposure to companies in various industries, including technology, financials, consumer goods, and natural resources. 
• Growth potential: Emerging markets are often characterized by high growth potential due to expanding populations, rising consumer demand, and increasing industrialization. As these economies develop, companies in these regions may grow significantly. 
• Risks: While emerging markets offer growth opportunities, they also come with higher risks, such as political instability, currency fluctuations, less mature regulatory systems, and greater market volatility compared to developed markets. 

Top Emerging Markets ETFs by Assets Under Management 

Data as of Sept. 25, 2024. Past performance is no guarantee of future results.

Pros and Cons of Investing in Emerging Markets ETFs

Investing in emerging markets ETFs may offer significant opportunities but also comes with notable risks. Here’s a breakdown of the pros and cons: 

Pros

• High growth potential: Emerging markets typically have faster-growing economies compared to developed nations, driven by factors like industrialization, a growing middle class, and increasing consumer demand. This can result in higher returns for investors over time. 
• Diversification: Emerging markets ETFs offer exposure to a wide range of countries and industries, which can help diversify an investor’s portfolio and reduce reliance on the performance of developed markets like the U.S. or Europe. 
• Demographic trends: Many emerging markets have younger populations with growing workforces and a growing middle class, which can drive economic expansion and consumption, supporting long-term growth prospects. 
• Access to resources and innovation: Many emerging economies are rich in natural resources (like oil, metals, and agricultural products) and are rapidly adopting new technologies, positioning them as key players in global supply chains. 
• Currency appreciation potential: If the currency of an emerging market strengthens against the U.S. dollar, it can amplify returns for international investors, adding another layer of profit potential. 

Cons

• Political and economic instability: Emerging markets are often more vulnerable to political turmoil, corruption, and economic instability, which can lead to unpredictable market fluctuations. Government interventions, policy changes, or geopolitical risks may affect investments. 
• Currency risks: Emerging markets are prone to currency volatility. If the local currency weakens significantly against the U.S. dollar or other major currencies, it can reduce the returns on investments in dollar terms. 
• Regulatory and governance risks: Many emerging markets have less mature regulatory frameworks, weak legal systems, and lower standards of corporate governance, which can increase the risk of fraud, corruption, or lack of transparency. 
• Market volatility: Emerging markets tend to experience more market volatility compared to developed markets. Factors such as capital flight, changes in commodity prices, or sudden shifts in global investor sentiment can lead to sharp price swings. 
• Dependence on global trade: Emerging economies often rely heavily on exports, making them vulnerable to fluctuations in global demand, trade tariffs, or disruptions in supply chains. A slowdown in major economies like China or the U.S. can directly affect emerging markets. 

Bottom Line on Investing in Emerging Markets ETFs

Emerging markets ETFs may be a valuable addition to a diversified portfolio due to their growth potential and the chance to capitalize on fast-developing economies. However, investors must be prepared for higher risks, including political instability, currency fluctuations, and increased market volatility. Balancing these opportunities and risks is crucial for investors considering this asset class.